APA VS MLA

Engineering Styles: ChemE often uses AlChE; Civ and EnvironE often use ASCE; CompSci & EN use ACM; ElecE uses IEEE; MechE uses ASME.


APAMLA
AuthorAll authors are Last Name, First Initial; use & in reference, but ‘and’ in intext.Use full first names. The first author has name inverted, but all the rest are in regular order.
Date2nd place in citation
Do not abbreviate months
Nearly last place in citation
Abbreviate months
Article TitleLower caseUpper case and use ” “
Periodical TitleUpper case ItalicsUpper case and Italics
Periodical Volume and NumberDo not use vol. and no. Italicise vol but not no. Use ( ).Use vol. and no.
Not in italics
Page #Do not use p or pp in reference, but use in in-text citationuse p or pp. in works cited but not in in-text citation
URLuse https://Do not use https://
Section nameReferencesWorks Cited
In-textAuthor, Year, p.Author page (no comma, no p.)

APA Reference Citation

MLA Works Cited


Engineering Stylesheets: Examples below

Chemical Engineering uses AlChE

Pedron, S., et. al., “Synthesis and characterization of degradable bioconjugated hydrogels with hyperbranched multifunctional cross-linkers,” Acta Biomaterialia6 (11), pp. 4189-4198 (Nov. 2010).

Garner, G. O., “Careers in Engineering,” 2nd ed., VGM Career Books, Chicago, IL (2003).

Homoki, G. G., and K. N. Vernekar, “Materials Selections for Sludge Incinerator Heat Exchangers,” in “Materials Performance in Waste Incineration Systems,” G. Y. Lai and G. Sorell, Eds., NACE International, Houston, TX, pp. 20-1 to 20-8 (1992).

Perry, R. H., and D. W. Green, Eds., “Mass Transfer and Gas Absorption,” Chapter 14, in “Perry’s Chemical Engineers’ Handbook,” 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1984).

Civil and Environmental Engineering use ASCE

Aanen, P. (1991). Nature engineering and civil engineering works, H. W. Knottnerus, translator, Pudoc, Wageningen, Netherlands.

ABAQUS/Explicit update manual, version 5.6. (1996). Hibbitt, Karlsson and Sorenson Inc., Pawtucket, R.I.

“Acoustic strain gauge’s ease bridge monitoring .” (1997). CivilEngrg. ASCE, 67(9), 83.

Al-Mutairi, N. M.. (1995) “Kuwait oil-based pollution: effect on building material.” J. of Matls. in Civil Engrg., ASCE, 7(3), 154-160.

ASTM. (1981). “Standard method of testing piles under static axial compressive load.”  D1143-81, Philadelphia, Pa.

Barragy, E., Walters, R., and Carey, G. F.  (1995). “Tital simulation using conjugate gradient methods.” Finite Element Modeling of Environmental Problems: Surface and Subsurface Flow and Transport, G. F. Carey, ed., Wiley, West Sussex, Eng., 115-135.

Computer Science & Engineering use ACM

Hoffman, W.M. and Moore, J.M., Eds. Ethics and the Management of Computer Technology. Oelgeschlager, Gunn and Hain, Cambridge, Mass., 1982.

Parker, R. Lotus copyright protection is turning into a feeding frenzy. Infoworld 12,28 (Jul. 1990), 42-49.

Rumbaugh, J.E. Controlling propagation of operations using attributes on Relations. In Proceedings of OOPSLA ’86 (Sept. 29-Oct. 2, Portland,Oreg.). ACM/SIGPLAN, New York, 1986, pp. 406-416.

Electrical Engineering uses IEEE

[1] J. W. DuBois, S. Schuetze-Coburn, S. Cumming, and D. Paolino, “Outline of discourse transcription,” in Talking Data: Transcription and Coding in Discourse Research (J. A. Edwards and M. D. Lampert, Eds.). Hillsdale, NJ:   Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1993, pp. 45-89.

[2] R. C. Carter, “Search time with a color display: Analysis of distribution functions,” Human Factors, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 302-304, 1982.

[3] P. Leone, D. L. Gillihan, and T. L. Rauch, “Web-based prototyping for user sessions: Medium-fidelity prototyping,” in Proc. 44th Int. Technical Communications Conf. (Toronto, Canada, May 11-14, 1997), pp. 231-234.

Mechanical Engineering uses ASME

[1] Ning, X., and Lovell, M. R., 2002, “On the Sliding Friction Characteristics of Unidirectional Continuous FRP Composites,” ASME J. Tribol., 124(1), pp. 5-13.
[2] Barnes, M., 2001, “Stresses in Solenoids,” J. Appl. Phys., 48(5), pp. 2000–2008.
[3] Jones, J., 2000, Contact Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, Chap. 6.
[4] Lee, Y., Korpela, S. A., and Horne, R. N., 1982, “Structure of Multi-Cellular Natural Convection in a Tall Vertical Annulus,” Proc. 7th International Heat Transfer Conference, U. Grigul et al., eds., Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 2, pp. 221–226.