General Information

Course Objectives

  • To provide a fundamentals of aerosol transport deposition and removal in turbulent flows.
  • To familiarize students with the computational modeling of dilute two-phase flows.
  • To familiarize students with the industrial applications of dilute multiphase flows.
  • To familiarize students with the modern experimental techniques in aerosol transport analysis.
  • To familiarize students with the industrial applications of aerosols.

Course Learning Outcomes

Outcome 1:

  • Students will be able to solve aerosol transport and deposition in turbulent flows.

Outcome 2:

  • Students will be able to formulate and analyze problems involving charged particle transport and deposition.

Outcome 3:

  • Students will be able to perform computational fluid dynamics and particle trajectory analysis in turbulent flows.
  • Students will demonstrate using the FLUENT Code for solving particle transport in turbulent flows.
  • Students will be able to perform an experimental study of aerosol transport and deposition processes.

Outcome 4:

  • Students will become familiar with industrial gas cleaning and separation processes.
  • Students will become familiar with pollution transport and lung deposition.

Course Outline

Engineering Mathematics

  • Special Functions
  • Differential Equations
  • Fourier Series
  • Laplace Transforms
  • Probability and Random Processes
  • Linear Systems
  • Useful Integrals
  • Vector Identities
  • Indicial Notation

Viscous Flows

  • Navier-Stokes Equation, Vorticity, Stream Function
  • Cylindrical Coordinates
  • Exact Solutions
  • Drag on Spherical Particles
  • Creeping Flows
  • Nonspherical Particles

Review of Computational Fluid Mechanics

  • Finite Difference and Finite Volume Methods
  • Spectral Method
  • Introduction to Gambit and Unstructured Fluent Code

Review of Turbulence and Turbulence Modeling

  • Features of Turbulence
  • Reynolds Equation and Mixing Length Model
  • Energy Equations
  • Correlations and Scales
  • Vorticity Transport
  • Two-Equation Model
  • Stress-Transport Models
  • Rate-Dependent Models
  • PDF Models

Aerosols

  • Introduction to Aerosols
  • Review of Drag, Lift Forces
  • Aerosol Kinetics
  • Virtual Mass, Basset Forces, and the BBO Equation
  • Review of Nonspherical Particles
  • Review of Brownian Motions
  • Review of Diffusion and Interception
  • Review of Particle Deposition Mechanisms
  • Aerosol Transport and Deposition in Turbulent Flows
  • Turbulence Wall Deposition Models
  • Particle Charging Mechanisms, Electrostatic Forces
  • Thermophoretic Forces
  • Aerosol Coagulation
  • Coagulation by Turbulence and Shear Fields

Particle Adhesion

  • van der Waals Force
  • JKR and Other Adhesion Models
  • Particle Adhesion and Removal
  • Effects of Charge and Humidity
  • Ultrasonic and Megasonic Cleaning

Colloids

  • Introduction to Colloids
  • Double Layer Forces
  • Electrokinetic Phenomena

Simulation Methods

  • Sublayer Model of Turbulence
  • Particle Deposition on Smooth and Rough Walls
  • Sublayer Simulation of Charged Particles
  • Approximate Simulation of Instantaneous Turbulent Flows
  • DNS and Large Eddy Simulation
  • Particle Transport and Deposition in Turbulent Flows
  • Brownian Motion of Nano-particles in Turbulent Flows
  • Nonspherical Particle Transport in Turbulent Flows

Experimental Techniques

  • Turbulent Flow Measurement (Hot-Wire, PIV, Laser-Doppler)
  • Particle Concentration and Velocity Measurements (Phase-Doppler, PIV)
  • Particle Production
  • Aerosol Sampling Techniques
  • Aerosol Instrumentation
  • Clean Room Operation
  • Advanced Surface Cleaning Techniques (Laser, Cryogenic, Ultrasonic)

Applications

  • Microcontamination Control
  • Xerography
  • Clean Room and Process Equipment
  • Lung Deposition and Inhalation Drug Delivery
  • Filtration Processes and Gas Cleaning
  • Combustors and Boilers
  • Spray Formation

Evaluation Methods

  • Exam 1: 25%
  • Final Exam: 35% (Final Exam Week)
  • Computational Projects and Laboratory Project: 30%
  • Homework: 10%

Course Description

ME 637 (ES 637) Partical Transport, Deposition and Removal II R-3, C-3.
Prerequisites: Consent of Instructor.

Introduction to turbulent flows and turbulent modelings. One and several equation models. Drag, lift, virtual mass, and Basset forces acting on particles. Wall effects and nonspherical particles. Aerosol transport and dispersion in turbulent flows. Turbulent diffusion and wall deposition of aerosols. Particle charging mechanics and electrostatics forces. Thermophoretic and electrophoretic effects. Introduction to colloids and electrokinetic phenomena. Computational aspects of aerosol dispersion and deposition in turbulent flows. Sublayer model approach. Approximate simulation of turbulence and turbulence transport. DNS simulation methods. Nonspherical particle transport in turbulent flows. Coagulation of aerosols due to shear and turbulence. Experimental techniques for turbulent flow measurements. Hot-wire anemometry, Isokinetic sampling. Particle concentration and velocity measurements with phase-doppler, and PIV. Applications to microcontamination control, air pollution, combustor, spray, and particle deposition in human lung. (Spring)

Exam and Homework Policies

Exam Policy

Exams will be open handout. The students are permitted to bring their handout notes and one book to the exams. Other notes and homework solutions are not allowed.

Homework Policy

Homeworks will be collected, graded and returned to the students.

References

  • J. Y. Tu, K. Inthavong, and G. Ahmadi, “Computational Fluid and Particle Dynamics in the Human Respiratory System,” Springer, New York (2013). ISBN 978-94-007-4487-5, ISBN 978-94-007-4488-2 (E-Book).
  • W.C. Hinds, Aerosol Science and Technology, Wiley (1983, 1999).
  • J. Happel and H. Brenner, Low Reynolds Number Hydrodynamics, Martinus Nijhoff (1983).
  • N.A. Fuchs, The Mechanics of Aerosols, Dover (1989).
  • V.G. Levich, Physicochemicals Hydrodynamics, Prentice-Hall (1962).
  • P.A. Baron and K.W. Willeke, Aerosol Measurement, Principles, Techniques, and Application, Wiley, Interscience, New York (2001).
  • F. White, Viscous Flow, McGraw Hill (1974).
  • R.L. Panton, Incompressible Flow, John Wiley (1984).
  • H. Schlichting, Boundary Layer Theory, McGraw Hill (1979).
  • J.O. Hinze, Turbulence, McGraw Hill (1975).
  • H. Tennekes and J.L. Lumley, A First Course in Turbulence, MIT Press (1981).
  • G.M. Hidy, Aerosols, Academic Press (1984).
  • G.M. Hidy and J.R. Brook, The Dynamics of Aerocolloididal Systems, Pergamon Press (1970).
  • Papavergos and Hedley, Chem. Eng. Rs. Des., Vol. 62, September 1984, pp. 275-295.
  • S.K. Friedlander, Smoke, Dust and Haze, Oxford University Press, Oxford (2000).
  • J. H. Vincent, Aerosol Science for Industrial Hygienists, Pergamon Press (1995).
  • D.J.Quesnel, D.S. Rimai and L.H.Sharpe, Particle Adhesion: Application and Advances, Taylor and Francis, New York (2001).
  • G. Ahmadi, Overview of Digital Simulation Procedures for Aerosols Transport in Turbulent Flows, in “Particles in Gases and Liquids 3: Detection, Characterization, and Control,” Ed. by K.L. Mittal, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 1 21 (1993).
  • G. Ahmadi, Overview of Computational and Analytical Modeling of Particle Transport and Deposition in Turbulent Flows, Scientia Iranica Vol. 1, 1 23 (1994).
  • H. Zhang and G. Ahmadi, Aerosol Particle Transport and Deposition in Vertical and Horizontal Turbulent Duct Flows, J. Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 406, pp. 55 80 (2000).
  • M. Soltani, H. Ounis, G. Ahmadi, and J.B. McLaughlin, Direct Numerical Simulation of Charged Particle Deposition in a Turbulent Flow, Int. J. Multiphase Flow, Vol. 24, pp. 77 94, (1988).
  • M.R. Spina and W.W. Nazaroff, Particle deposition from turbulent flow: Review of published research and its applicability to ventilation ducts in commercial buildings, http://repositories.cdlib.org/lbnl/LBNL-51432/
  • Web Based Educational Workshop
  • Aerosol Science and Engineering
  • Aerosol Mechanics
  • Aerosol Instrumentation
  • Atmospheric Aerosols
  • Health Related Aerosols
  • Aerosol Calculator Software
  • Aerosol Educational Network
  • Aerosols Educational materials