{"id":842,"date":"2019-12-06T09:23:17","date_gmt":"2019-12-06T14:23:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev-cu-sites.pantheonsite.io\/library\/?page_id=842"},"modified":"2025-05-08T08:29:30","modified_gmt":"2025-05-08T12:29:30","slug":"example-copyright-cases","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/copyright-basics\/example-copyright-cases\/","title":{"rendered":"Example Copyright Cases"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-1158549e-6257-41ab-8a73-b85c5a8c40f1 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\"><a>Example Copyright Disputes<\/a><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/fair-use\/summaries\/am.geophysical-texaco-2dcir1995.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">American Geophysical Union v. Texaco, Inc.<\/a> &#8211; American Geophysical Union and 82 other publishers which sold journal subscriptions to Texaco alleged that Texaco\u2019s employees infringed their copyrights by repeatedly photocopying individual journal articles without permission and distributing them. The court found that this was not fair use because Texaco\u2019s actions were \u201cpart of a systematic<br>process of encouraging employee researchers to copy articles so as to multiply available copies while avoiding payment.\u201d The court found that employees were copying whole articles and that such copying interfered with the commercial value of the articles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/fair-use\/summaries\/basicbooks-kinko's-sdny1991.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Basic Books, Inc. v. Kinko\u2019s<\/a> &#8211; Kinko\u2019s used course readings lists from colleges and, without asking permission or paying copyright fees, photocopied excerpts from assigned readings to create \u201ccourse packets,\u201d which they sold to students at a profit. The court found that this was not fair use, as it was for a commercial purpose and would harm publishers\u2019 sales. The court also noted that there was no compelling educational reason to copy the materials without permission or paying fees.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/fair-use\/summaries\/cambridgeuniv-patton-11thcir2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Camridge University Press v. Patton<\/a> &#8211; Cambridge University Press (and others) sued Georgia State University for infringing copyright by allowing unlicensed portions of their works to be posted on university systems for students to obtain electronically. The court found that most of the instances were fair use, and that a \u201cholistic analysis\u201d of each instance was required to \u201ccarefully balance\u201d all four Fair Use factors. The court also noted that not all four factors must be given equal weight.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.trademarkandcopyrightlawblog.com\/2017\/10\/posner-on-copyright-10-cases-to-remember\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Posner on Copyright \u2013 10 Cases to Remember<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/fair-use\/summaries\/princeton-michdocument-6thcir1996.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Princeton University Press v. Michigan Document Services, Inc.<\/a> &#8211; Michigan Document Services, Inc., a commercial photography shop, copied significant portions of written materials that were assigned readings for University of Michigan courses. They assembled these materials into \u201ccoursepacks\u201d offered for sale to students. The copyright owners of the materials sued. The court found that this was not Fair Use. The court pointed to the commercial nature of the business and the profit made from the coursepacks, as well as the potential damage to the market for the copyrighted works.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fairuse.stanford.edu\/overview\/fair-use\/cases\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stanford University Libraries \u2013 Summaries of Fair Use Cases<\/a> &#8211; Summarizes a variety of Fair Use court cases, some academic and some not. Include cases where Fair Use was found, as well as cases where it was not.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/fair-use\/fair-index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">U.S. Copyright Office Fair Use Index<\/a> &#8211; An index of federal court cases court cases regarding fair use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.clas.ufl.edu\/llc\/copyright\/untitled-2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Univeristy of Florida \u2013 Summary of Cases on Copyright in Education<\/a> &#8211; Summary of several cases involving educational arguments in a copyright dispute, including links to materials on each case such as commentary, lawyers\u2019 arguments, and case opinions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-08d37f39-707e-44f1-921d-a39434538c8e advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\"><a>Common Copyright Pitfalls &amp; Questions<\/a><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p><strong>Can I post a PDF of a journal article the library subscribes to in my Moodle Course?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maybe. Generally speaking, if an item meets the requirements set out under Fair Use or the TEACH Act, materials can be shared in a password protected learning management system like Moodle for a limited period of time. Factors to consider are how many students will have access to the course and how long the materials will be available, including whether it will be available for multiple semesters. More students and longer access weigh against fair use. You will need to consider the Fair Use factors to decide whether your use of the materials falls under Fair Use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However,&nbsp;<em>even if it is considered fair use<\/em>, some library database user agreements may prohibit the sharing of articles or other materials in this way, so the best practice is to link to the article in the database by using a permanent URL, rather than uploading the PDF. This will also allow students to access the most up to date version of the material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Can I show a DVD or Blu-Ray video in my classroom?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, as long as it is for classroom instruction and no admission fee is charged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Can I show a DVD or Blu-Ray video in a non-classroom context?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Generally not, unless permission has been obtained from the copyright holder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Can I Stream a Netflix (or other streaming service) Video in My Classroom?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are using a video streaming service licensed through the library or your department that is intended for that purpose, yes. You can see the options available via the library <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/video-streaming\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-f9cca47e-1e4b-4f39-8a55-ca8c2d97d665 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\">What about personal streaming services?<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>Netflix does allow <em>some<\/em> films to be shown in an educational context under certain conditions. See their page here for <a href=\"https:\/\/help.netflix.com\/en\/node\/57695\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">details<\/a>. You can search <a href=\"https:\/\/media.netflix.com\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">media.netflix.com<\/a> to see which films may be shown by educators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, make sure you are using approved films only, as most user agreements do not allow public screenings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on the Netflix <a href=\"https:\/\/help.netflix.com\/legal\/termsofuse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Terms of Use<\/a>, viewings are for \u201cpersonal\u201d use only and you will be expected to follow these terms. These terms supersede copyright law; therefore, you must abide by these terms even if you suspect you could make a case under Fair Use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you wish to use a streaming service to show a video in your classroom, you will need to check your user agreement to see if it prohibits you from using it for a public showing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Can I post a PDF of a journal article to my faculty website?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Probably not. If the website is available to the general public and is not password protected, this would probably not be considered a Fair Use because you cannot be sure it will only be used for academic purposes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Can I copy articles to create a Course Pack for my students?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Probably not. Generally speaking, you need to ask copyright permission before reproducing copyrighted materials for use in a course pack. However, information in the Public Domain would be an exception.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Can I photocopy one article from a journal for my own personal use?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, this would probably be considered Fair Use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Can I make materials from the university archives publicly available online?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It depends. If the materials are still covered by copyright, it may not be possible to make the materials publicly available on-line, unless the donor has given permission. Materials need to be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Can I use copyrighted photos or music in my classroom presentation?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yes, this would generally be considered a fair use of the materials if it is for instructional purposes. You should make sure you cite the original creator, however.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Can I use copyrighted materials in an open-access educational course? Can my students use copyrighted materials in an open-access project?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Probably not. Generally a distinction is made between a password protected on-line course and websites or courses that are not password protected.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":0,"parent":816,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/right-sidebarpage.php","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-842","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Example Copyright Cases - University Libraries<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/copyright-basics\/example-copyright-cases\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Example Copyright Cases - University Libraries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/copyright-basics\/example-copyright-cases\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"University Libraries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-08T12:29:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.clarkson.edu\\\/library\\\/research-tools-collections\\\/guides\\\/copyright-basics\\\/example-copyright-cases\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.clarkson.edu\\\/library\\\/research-tools-collections\\\/guides\\\/copyright-basics\\\/example-copyright-cases\\\/\",\"name\":\"Example Copyright Cases - University Libraries\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.clarkson.edu\\\/library\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-12-06T14:23:17+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-08T12:29:30+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.clarkson.edu\\\/library\\\/research-tools-collections\\\/guides\\\/copyright-basics\\\/example-copyright-cases\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.clarkson.edu\\\/library\\\/research-tools-collections\\\/guides\\\/copyright-basics\\\/example-copyright-cases\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.clarkson.edu\\\/library\\\/research-tools-collections\\\/guides\\\/copyright-basics\\\/example-copyright-cases\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sites.clarkson.edu\\\/library\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Tools &amp; 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