{"id":3107,"date":"2020-05-05T10:41:22","date_gmt":"2020-05-05T14:41:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev-cu-sites.pantheonsite.io\/library\/?page_id=3107"},"modified":"2025-05-01T12:05:59","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T16:05:59","slug":"bill-of-rights","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/constitution-day\/bill-of-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"Bill of Rights"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The phrase &#8220;The Bill of Rights&#8221; refers to the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution, written by James Madison in response to criticism that the Constitution did not adequately protect individual rights. For more about the history of the Bill of Rights, see the Bill of Rights Institute&#8217;s resource guide <a href=\"https:\/\/billofrightsinstitute.org\/primary-sources\/bill-of-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bill of Rights: The 1st Ten Amendments<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-0bde78ef-3283-4137-b47e-780d5b1a1164 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\"><a>Amendment I<\/a><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>History of the Amendment &amp; Major Cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/united-states-constitution\/first-amendment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">First Amendment History<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from History.com<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1900-1940\/249us47\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Schenck v. United States<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez, a project from Cornell&#8217;s Legal Information Institute, Justia, and Chicago-Kent College of Law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1970\/1873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">New York Times Company v. United States (AKA the Pentagon Papers case)<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1988\/88-155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Texas v. Johnson<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-7f05bc3f-2436-4a0d-8c64-ddf77f8731ba advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\"><a>Amendment II<\/a><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>History of the Amendment &amp; Major Cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/topics\/united-states-constitution\/2nd-amendment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">History of the Second Amendment<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from History.com<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1900-1940\/307us174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">United States v. Miller<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez, a project from Cornell&#8217;s Legal Information Institute, Justia, and Chicago-Kent College of Law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/2007\/07-290\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">District of Columbia v. Heller<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/2009\/08-1521\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">McDonald v. Chicago<\/a> &#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-27d298a8-bb4b-4c89-ac95-a6096450d2b1 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\"><a>Amendment III<\/a><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>History of the Amendment &amp; Major Cases<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/browse\/essay\/amdt3-2\/ALDE_00013335\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">History of the Third Amendment<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Constitution Annotated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/law2.umkc.edu\/faculty\/projects\/ftrials\/conlaw\/engblom.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Engblom v. Carey<\/a> &#8211; from the University of Missouri-Kansas City&#8217;s School of Law<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-629f5bb4-b44f-4bc1-9829-c1f528dbc0af advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\">Amendment IV<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>History of the Amendment &amp; Major Cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/browse\/essay\/amdt4-2\/ALDE_00013706\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">History of the Fourth Amendment<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Constitution Annotated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1967\/67\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Terry v. Ohio<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez, a project from Cornell&#8217;s Legal Information Institute, Justia, and Chicago-Kent College of Law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1967\/35\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Katz v. United States<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1960\/236\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mapp v. Ohio<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-45dcd528-4fbe-4202-bc12-7a9e7890d43a advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\"><a>Amendment V<\/a><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>History of the Amendment &amp; Major Cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.annenbergclassroom.org\/resource\/our-constitution\/constitution-amendment-5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">History of the Fifth Amendment<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from the Annenberg Classroom<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1965\/759\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Miranda v. Arizona<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez, a project from Cornell&#8217;s Legal Information Institute, Justia, and Chicago-Kent College of Law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/supremecourt\/text\/284\/299\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">BLOCKBURGER v. UNITED STATES<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Cornell Law Schools&#8217; Legal Information Institute<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-693198df-be9b-428e-8eee-495fce833860 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\"><a>Amendment VI<\/a><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>History of the Amendment &amp; Major Cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/6ac.org\/history-of-the-sixth\/?event=10512\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">History of the Sixth Amendment<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from the Sixth Amendment Center<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1900-1940\/287us45\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Powell v. Alabama<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez, a project from Cornell&#8217;s Legal Information Institute, Justia, and Chicago-Kent College of Law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1962\/155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gideon v. Wainwright<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-4236ffae-0562-4639-99d9-36890c9700c3 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\"><a>Amendment VII<\/a><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>History of the Amendment:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/constitution-conan\/amendment-7\/historical-background-of-jury-trials-in-civil-cases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">History of the Seventh Amendment<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Cornell Law School&#8217;s Legal Information Institute<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-d91d97f1-ca20-453b-b7fe-3fd91fb4c332 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\"><a>Amendment VIII<\/a><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>History of the Amendment &amp; Major Cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reaganlibrary.gov\/constitutional-amendments-amendment-8-freedom-excessive-bail-fines-and-cruel-punishments\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">History of the Eighth Amendment<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library &amp; Museum<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/2001\/00-8452\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Atkins v. Virginia<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez, a project from Cornell&#8217;s Legal Information Institute, Justia, and Chicago-Kent College of Law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1976\/75-5444\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Coker v. Georgia<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1971\/69-5030\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Furman v. Georgia<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1975\/74-6257\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gregg v. Georgia<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/2009\/08-7412\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Graham v. Florida<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/2004\/03-633\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Roper v. Simmons<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-8781e5a8-4042-4654-9e72-3835b4f70962 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\"><a>Amendment IX<\/a><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>History of the Amendment &amp; Major Cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/browse\/essay\/amdt9-2\/ALDE_00013642\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">History of the Ninth Amendment<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Constitution Annotated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1940-1955\/330us75\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">United Public Workers v. Mitchell<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez, a project from Cornell&#8217;s Legal Information Institute, Justia, and Chicago-Kent College of Law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1964\/496\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Griswold v. Connecticut<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-25108758-c2a4-4bf8-9bae-5ec46a49b4d3 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\"><a>Amendment X<\/a><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>History of the Amendment &amp; Major Cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/browse\/essay\/amdt10-2\/ALDE_00013620\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">History of the Tenth Amendment<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Constitution Annotated<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1900-1940\/295us495\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A. L. A. Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez, a project from Cornell&#8217;s Legal Information Institute, Justia, and Chicago-Kent College of Law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/2013\/12-158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bond v. United States<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1996\/95-1478\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Printz v. United States<\/a> &#8211; from Oyez<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-9337df21-01f5-4db6-ac76-7e8f84965f10 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\"><a>Other Amendments<\/a><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>There are 27 total amendments to the Constitution. See the <a href=\"https:\/\/constitution.congress.gov\/browse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">full list of Constitutional amendments<\/a> and find additional information related history and cases from Constitution Annotated.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-90f4ddc0-a878-4379-b478-effb59eff775 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon\"><svg fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\">Related Guides<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/constitution-day\/executive-branch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Constitution Day<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/constitution-day\/executive-branch\/\">Executive Branch<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/constitution-day\/judicial-branch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Judicial Branch<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/constitution-day\/legislative-branch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Legislative Branch<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/constitution-day\/international-issues\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">International Issues<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/constitution-day\/voting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Voting<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong style=\"letter-spacing: 0.4px\">Disclaimer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This guide is intended to give a general overview of the Constitution and our system of government, as well as some historical information. It may not contain the most up to date legal information and should not be considered legal advice. For help with up to date legal research email us at refdesk@clarkson.edu. For legal advice, please consult an attorney.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; The phrase &#8220;The Bill of Rights&#8221; refers to the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution, written by James Madison in response to criticism that the Constitution did not adequately protect individual rights. For more about the history of the Bill of Rights, see the Bill of Rights Institute&#8217;s resource guide Bill of Rights: The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":56,"featured_media":0,"parent":3079,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/right-sidebarpage.php","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3107","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bill of Rights - University Libraries<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/constitution-day\/bill-of-rights\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bill of Rights - University Libraries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; The phrase &#8220;The Bill of Rights&#8221; refers to the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution, written by James Madison in response to criticism that the Constitution did not adequately protect individual rights. 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