{"id":18441,"date":"2025-07-15T13:06:09","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T17:06:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/?page_id=18441"},"modified":"2025-12-05T10:42:10","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T15:42:10","slug":"metadata-research-data","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/metadata-research-data\/","title":{"rendered":"Metadata &amp; Research Data"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u201cMetadata\u201d just means the data about data &#8211; it\u2019s the information about an object. As defined by Jenn Riley in \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/groups.niso.org\/higherlogic\/ws\/public\/download\/17446\/Understanding%20Metadata.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Understanding Metadata: What is metadata and what is it for? A Primer<\/a>,\u201d metadata is \u201cthe information we create, store, and share to describe things, [allowing] us to interact with these things to obtain the knowledge we need\u201d (p. 1). For example, for an academic article, the metadata would include the article\u2019s title, journal it was published in, authors, etc.&nbsp;It would also be the type of the material (article, audio clip), specific format (text, XML, MP4, etc.), and licenses or copyright. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While it seems relatively minor, it is very important to consider metadata in research! It helps others find, understand, and use content.&nbsp;Several major grant-funding institutions require that researchers make their data available to other researchers so they can verify claims and build on existing research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This video from New York University&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nyu.edu\/research\/resources-and-support-offices\/research-data.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Working with Research Data guide<\/a> demonstrates the importance of metadata in research!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Data Sharing and Management Snafu in 3 Short Acts (Higher Quality)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/66oNv_DJuPc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-30d91f3a-405e-4142-8654-9ca46c17b7c5 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon accordion-state\"><svg class=\"advgb-icon-closed\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg class=\"advgb-icon-opened\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.41,18.59L8.83,20L12,16.83L15.17,20l1.41-1.41L12,14L7.41,18.59z M16.59,5.41L15.17,4L12,7.17L8.83,4L7.41,5.41L12,10L16.59,5.41z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\">Types of Metadata<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/groups.niso.org\/higherlogic\/ws\/public\/download\/17446\/Understanding%20Metadata.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Riley (p. 6)<\/a> defines three types of metadata:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Descriptive metadata &#8211; Describing an object for the purposes of \u201cfinding or understanding a resource\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Administrative metadata &#8211; Itself made up of:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Technical metadata &#8211; \u201cFor decoding and rendering files\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preservation metadata &#8211; \u201cLong-term management of files\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rights metadata &#8211; \u201cIntellectual property rights attached to content\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Structural metadata &#8211; \u201cRelationships of parts of resources to one another\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Markup languages are often also included in discussions of types of metadata. These are tools that \u201c[integrate] metadata and flags for other structural or semantic features within content\u201d (6).&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-c8e59bcf-0a62-4d96-be62-37c4ffde965e advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon accordion-state\"><svg class=\"advgb-icon-closed\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg class=\"advgb-icon-opened\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.41,18.59L8.83,20L12,16.83L15.17,20l1.41-1.41L12,14L7.41,18.59z M16.59,5.41L15.17,4L12,7.17L8.83,4L7.41,5.41L12,10L16.59,5.41z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\">Uses of Metadata<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>Each type of metadata has a purpose, as outlined by <a href=\"https:\/\/groups.niso.org\/higherlogic\/ws\/public\/download\/17446\/Understanding%20Metadata.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Riley (p. 7)<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"529\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Riley_metadata.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-18535\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Riley_metadata.png 600w, https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Riley_metadata-300x265.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As you can see by this chart, the functions of metadata are what allow us to interact with information used in research, databases, anywhere that large stores of information is kept. Metadata is also what makes research data accessible and usable. It\u2019s vital for researchers to have a solid plan for their metadata to ensure a consistent structure that can be understood well into the future.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Standards and Schemas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When planning how to collect and organize your research data, you may want to look for existing standards and schemas from the discipline you&#8217;re working with to ensure that your data is compatible with that of other researchers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-d8a2f7c2-8a87-4e07-8113-a356c31074cf advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon accordion-state\"><svg class=\"advgb-icon-closed\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg class=\"advgb-icon-opened\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.41,18.59L8.83,20L12,16.83L15.17,20l1.41-1.41L12,14L7.41,18.59z M16.59,5.41L15.17,4L12,7.17L8.83,4L7.41,5.41L12,10L16.59,5.41z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\">What are they?<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>Standards and schemas are used to maintain consistency in metadata across data sets (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/think\/topics\/metadata\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is metadata?<\/a> By Annie Badman and Matthew Kosinski, IBM).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Metadata standards \u201c[define] how metadata should be structured and applied across different systems,\u201d while a schema is \u201ca blueprint for implementing metadata standards\u201d (Badman &amp; Kosinski). The standards are built on the principles provided in the schema.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Standards are developed based on different types of research. For example, a standard called Dublin Core is often used for digital resources across different disciplines. You can search the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ac.uk\/guidance\/standards\/metadata\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Digital Curation Centre by discipline<\/a> for standards used in physical sciences, earth sciences, biology, or social sciences and humanities. Many of these standards have details on their correlating schemas available in the Extensions section, so that you can easily map your data into the structure.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-7b09cc24-90c2-41cb-917e-b56f325d5c8c advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon accordion-state\"><svg class=\"advgb-icon-closed\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg class=\"advgb-icon-opened\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.41,18.59L8.83,20L12,16.83L15.17,20l1.41-1.41L12,14L7.41,18.59z M16.59,5.41L15.17,4L12,7.17L8.83,4L7.41,5.41L12,10L16.59,5.41z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\">Examples<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>Standards:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rdamsc.bath.ac.uk\/msc\/m13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Data Documentation Initiative (DDI)<\/a> &#8211; commonly used in the social sciences, humanities, and economics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rdamsc.bath.ac.uk\/msc\/m8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Core Scientific Metadata Model (CSMD)<\/a> &#8211; this is a &#8220;study-data oriented model, primarily in support of the ICAT data management infrastructure software&#8221; per <a href=\"https:\/\/rdamsc.bath.ac.uk\/msc\/m8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CSMD page<\/a> of the the <a href=\"https:\/\/rdamsc.bath.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metadata Standards Catalog<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rdamsc.bath.ac.uk\/msc\/m95\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data (JSON-LD)<\/a> &#8211; based on the JSON format, this standard is used as a concept for the use of linked data<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rdamsc.bath.ac.uk\/msc\/m25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NeXus<\/a> &#8211; &#8220;an international standard for the storage and exchange of neutron, x-ray, and muon experiment data&#8221; according to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dcc.ac.uk\/resources\/metadata-standards\/nexus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Digital Curation Centre&#8217;s page<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Schemas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rdamsc.bath.ac.uk\/msc\/m7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Common Information Model (CIM)<\/a> &#8211; from the <a href=\"https:\/\/rdamsc.bath.ac.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metadata Standards Catalog<\/a>, this &#8220;describes climate data, the models and software from which they derive, the geographic grids used to calculate and project them, and the experimental processes that produced them&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rdamsc.bath.ac.uk\/msc\/m100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EngMeta<\/a> &#8211; used primarily in engineering, this schema provides &#8220;an XML-based formal definition of information necessary to find, understand, reproduce and reuse data&#8221; and is based on standards like &#8220;DataCite, PREMIS, ModeMeta and ExptML&#8221; &#8211; from the <a href=\"https:\/\/rdamsc.bath.ac.uk\/msc\/m100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metadata Standards Catalog page<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/rdamsc.bath.ac.uk\/msc\/m83\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WaterML<\/a> &#8211; a schema used for hydrology, profiling the <a href=\"https:\/\/rdamsc.bath.ac.uk\/msc\/m28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Observations and Measurements standard<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Controlled Vocabularies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Controlled vocabularies are types of descriptive metadata that can improve the findability of a resource, standardizing the language used for certain resources. There are several options available, depending on the type of description needed and the level of complexity required. As described in \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1057\/dam.2010.29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Taxonomies and controlled vocabularies best practices for metadata\u201d by Heather Hedden (2010)<\/a>, \u201ca controlled vocabulary is a restricted list of words or terms typically used for descriptive cataloging, tagging or indexing\u201d (p. 279). They are used to standardize the descriptions assigned to information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-7dfe2bd2-5888-486e-acc2-0fc2ed38bf21 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon accordion-state\"><svg class=\"advgb-icon-closed\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg class=\"advgb-icon-opened\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.41,18.59L8.83,20L12,16.83L15.17,20l1.41-1.41L12,14L7.41,18.59z M16.59,5.41L15.17,4L12,7.17L8.83,4L7.41,5.41L12,10L16.59,5.41z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\">Types of Controlled Vocabularies<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>The types of controlled vocabularies are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Term list &#8211; the simplest form, simply of list of options from which you can select the best fit; per Hedden, these \u201care often utilized for administrative and structural metadata elements, such as a list of possible file formats, rights status or retention status\u201d (p. 279); however, they can also be used for descriptive fields in a dropdown or checkbox format<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Authority file &#8211; \u201cincludes synonyms or variants for each term which function as cross-references to guide the used from an \u2018non-preferred term\u2019 variant to the equivalent \u2018preferred term\u2019 (p. 280); used mostly with proper nouns<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taxonomy &#8211; \u201ca controlled vocabulary in which all the terms belong to a single hierarchical structure and have parent\/child or broader\/narrower relationships to other terms\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thesaurus &#8211; might be a dictionary-thesaurus or information\/content retrieval thesaurus\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Information\/content retrieval thesaurus &#8211; \u201c[lists] similar terms at each controlled vocabulary term entry\u201d; designed for all contexts; more structured \u201cbecause it provides information about each term and its relationships to other terms within the same thesaurus\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dictionary-thesaurus &#8211; \u201call the associated terms might be used in place of the term entry spending upon the specific context, which the user needs to consider in each use\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-bfb21bd2-7024-4556-948d-d5149d247e36 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon accordion-state\"><svg class=\"advgb-icon-closed\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg class=\"advgb-icon-opened\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.41,18.59L8.83,20L12,16.83L15.17,20l1.41-1.41L12,14L7.41,18.59z M16.59,5.41L15.17,4L12,7.17L8.83,4L7.41,5.41L12,10L16.59,5.41z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\">Examples of Controlled Vocabularies<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/id.loc.gov\/authorities\/subjects.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Library of Congress Subject Headings<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/viaf.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Virtual International Authority File<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icd\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">International Classification of Disease<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/mesh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ddialliance.org\/controlled-vocabularies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Data Documentation Initiative (DDI) Controlled Vocabulary<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Research Data Management<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>How does metadata relate to research data management?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s a vital component, ensuring that the information you capture in your data can be understood not only by you, but by others, both now and in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You will need to decide what schema is necessary for the type of research data you\u2019re collecting, then determine the most appropriate standard for your data. If you have a spreadsheet of data, it can be helpful to create a readme text file specifying the units, any equations used for calculations, etc. Imagine what someone with no background in your research project would need to know to understand your data and include any information that would help them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-92015ace-4539-497d-a865-561c32616816 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon accordion-state\"><svg class=\"advgb-icon-closed\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg class=\"advgb-icon-opened\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.41,18.59L8.83,20L12,16.83L15.17,20l1.41-1.41L12,14L7.41,18.59z M16.59,5.41L15.17,4L12,7.17L8.83,4L7.41,5.41L12,10L16.59,5.41z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\">Metadata in Research<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>A well thought-out, clearly communicated data management plan is vital prior to beginning your data collection. Before you even begin the process of acquiring and organizing your data, you will know how to format and organize it, which will then ensure that other researchers can find and use your data. This is mandatory for several grants, such as those through the National Institute of Health and National Science Foundation. This allows for other researchers to confirm your research is reproducible (there is currently a reproducibility crisis in academic research) and can be expanded on to allow for more growth within the field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Metadata should be FAIR (aligning with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.go-fair.org\/fair-principles\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FAIR Principles<\/a>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Findable &#8211; Metadata should describe data and research sufficiently that it can be found by people and computer programs, which often means being text-based (especially important for non-textual results like images, videos, audio, etc.). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Accessible &#8211; The metadata should indicate how the data can be accessed, including whether authentication or authorization are necessary. Additionally, the metadata should still be available when the data itself is not. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interoperable &#8211; The format of the data needs to be explicitly stated and should be available in the most universal format possible so that use by others is not limited. Other researchers should know how you formatted your data so they can make any necessary changes to integrate the data into their own processes for analysis. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reusable &#8211; The primary goal of FAIR Principles is to allow others to use research data so that your research focus can be built up. Your metadata should include clear labels for any licenses your data is subject to. If there are any discipline-specific standards researchers adhere to, you should do so also and include that information in your metadata. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-e7f89e1e-7c30-4dc0-aef3-495f3263818a advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon accordion-state\"><svg class=\"advgb-icon-closed\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg class=\"advgb-icon-opened\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.41,18.59L8.83,20L12,16.83L15.17,20l1.41-1.41L12,14L7.41,18.59z M16.59,5.41L15.17,4L12,7.17L8.83,4L7.41,5.41L12,10L16.59,5.41z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\">Data Management Plan<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<p>A Data Management Plan (DMP) outlines the collection and treatment of research data throughout its lifecycle, including after your research is over. A formalized plan may be required for certain grants, but even for research without a grant, it&#8217;s helpful to have this information available before beginning research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Per the Duke University Libraries research guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/guides.library.duke.edu\/research-data-management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Research Data Management<\/a>, a Data Management Plan typically &#8220;includes a description (provides subject scope and scale), probable formats, metadata, how the data will be stored, secured and backed-up, who will be primarily responsible for the care of the data, and how the data will be preserved and shared with a broader audience&#8221; (from the <a href=\"https:\/\/guides.library.duke.edu\/c.php?g=633433&amp;p=4429249\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Data Management Plans section<\/a>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You will need to decide if you are going to use any standards or schemas and whether there are any controlled vocabularies that would be appropriate for your project. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The University of Reading provides a detailed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reading.ac.uk\/research-services\/research-data-management\/data-management-planning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Data Management Planning guide<\/a> through their Research, Engagement and Innovation Office. Additional sections discuss every step of the process of managing and preserving research data along with data sharing. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordions advgb-accordions-8de91e41-df23-4658-b879-5b7e398b6d06 advgb-accordion-wrapper\" data-collapsed=\"true\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-advgb-accordion-item advgb-accordion-item\" style=\"margin-bottom:15px\"><div class=\"advgb-accordion-header\" style=\"background-color:#000;color:#eee;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;border-radius:2px\"><span class=\"advgb-accordion-header-icon accordion-state\"><svg class=\"advgb-icon-closed\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M12,5.83L15.17,9l1.41-1.41L12,3L7.41,7.59L8.83,9L12,5.83z M12,18.17L8.83,15l-1.41,1.41L12,21l4.59-4.59L15.17,15 L12,18.17z\"><\/path><\/svg><svg class=\"advgb-icon-opened\" fill=\"#fff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path fill=\"none\" d=\"M0,0h24v24H0V0z\"><\/path><path d=\"M7.41,18.59L8.83,20L12,16.83L15.17,20l1.41-1.41L12,14L7.41,18.59z M16.59,5.41L15.17,4L12,7.17L8.83,4L7.41,5.41L12,10L16.59,5.41z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><h4 class=\"advgb-accordion-header-title\" style=\"color:inherit\">Additional Resources<\/h4><\/div><div class=\"advgb-accordion-body\" style=\"border-style:solid !important;border-width:1px !important;border-color:undefined !important;border-top:none !important;border-radius:2px !important\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pitt.libguides.com\/metadatadiscovery\/controlledvocabularies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metadata &amp; Discovery @ Pitt<\/a> &#8211; University of Pittsburgh Library guide<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pitt.libguides.com\/managedata\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Data Management @ Pitt<\/a> &#8211; University of Pittsburgh Library guide<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.lib.utexas.edu\/metadata-basics\/intro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metadata Basics<\/a> &#8211; University of Texas Libraries guide<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.lib.unc.edu\/metadata\/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metadata for Data Management: A Tutorial<\/a> &#8211; University of North Carolina Library guide<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/datamanagement.hms.harvard.edu\/about\/what-research-data-management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is Research Data Management<\/a> &#8211; Harvard Medical School guide<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.lib.virginia.edu\/c.php?g=1356927&amp;p=10222808\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Research Data Management<\/a> &#8211; University of Virginia Library guide<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cMetadata\u201d just means the data about data &#8211; it\u2019s the information about an object. As defined by Jenn Riley in \u201cUnderstanding Metadata: What is metadata and what is it for? A Primer,\u201d metadata is \u201cthe information we create, store, and share to describe things, [allowing] us to interact with these things to obtain the knowledge [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":223,"featured_media":0,"parent":1195,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-templates\/right-sidebarpage.php","meta":{"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18441","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Metadata &amp; Research Data - University Libraries<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.clarkson.edu\/library\/research-tools-collections\/guides\/metadata-research-data\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Metadata &amp; Research Data - University Libraries\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cMetadata\u201d just means the data about data &#8211; it\u2019s the information about an object. 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